In a large stand mixer, combine the instant yeast, water, bread flour, and sea salt.
Using the dough hook, knead the dough for 5-6 minutes.
Turn off the mixer, add 1 cup of cheese and the chopped garlic cloves (or Jalapeños).
Mix in the cheese and garlic on low until there is no longer any cheese at the bottom of the bowl.
Remove the dough hook, cover, and allow to rise for one hour.
Punch the risen dough and form into a tight ball. Return to the bowl, cover and allow to rise again for another hour.
Halfway through the second rise (30 minutes), place the dutch oven with the cover on into the oven. Turn the oven on to 400℉.
Once the dough has rested for the second hour, remove to a lightly floured large piece of parchment paper. Lightly spray the dough with water, sprinkle on the parmesan and garlic powder.
Carefully remove the cover of the dutch oven and lower the bread loaf into the dutch oven with the parchment paper. Re-cover the dutch oven and bake for 30 minutes.
After the 30 minute bake, remove the lid and continue baking for 15 minutes or until the top is golden brown and an internal temperature of at least 190℉.
Carefully remove the bread loaf out of the dutch oven onto a cooling rack. Allow to cool at least 1 hour before cutting.